Symbolism in The Storm Essay - 624 Words

Symbolism in â€Å"The Storm† â€Å"The Storm†, written by Kate Chopin in 1898, examines the uncontrollable desires of a young wife, lured into the arms of her past lover as her husband and son are caught in a storm. Bobinà ´t and four-year-old Bibi are running errands when the storm suddenly hit. Bobinà ´t’s wife, Calixta was at home sewing when she noticed the severe storm happening outside. When Calixta went outside to gather some clothing, her old lover Alcà ©e asked for shelter during the storm. Through her use of symbolism, Chopin gives the reader her feelings on the love affair between Calixta and Alcà ©e. Chopin’s uses symbolism in her use of different colors throughout the story. The color white is mentioned multiple times in the story. White†¦show more content†¦But, in the midst of the mayhem there is a sense of peace and harmony within the walls of her home. When Alcà ©e first arrives at Calixta’s home, the rain has just started getting bad. The sexual tensio n between the two of them heightens when lightning strikes a tree and scares Calixta. This causes her to throw herself into Alcà ©e’s arms for protection. While they are in the throes of passion, the rain reaches its full force. By the time Alcà ©e and Calixta have finished their affair, the rain has stopped and the storm has moved on. It seems as though the rain has washed away their sin of adultery, because when they walk outside the world is shiny and bright. All this time, Bobinà ´t and Bibi have been waiting at the store. When the storm finally passes, they are able to go home. On their way, Bobinà ´t is afraid that his wife will be angry with him for taking so long at the store and for not being presentable. To his surprise, when they come in the backdoor, Calixta is fixing dinner and is in a wonderful mood. She checks them over to make sure they are dry and unharmed. She seems genuinely happy to see her husband and son. However, when Bobinà ´t gives her the treat he picked up for her; she only kisses him on the cheek to show her gratitude. This reinforces the suspicion that they are in a loveless or passionlessShow MoreRelatedEssay about Symbolism of â€Å"The Storm1512 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin wrote the short story â€Å"The Storm† one of her most bold stories and did not even intention to publish it (Cutter 191). The two main characters in the story are Calixta and Alcee. They both used to be attracted to one another in previous years, but now they are both married to someone else. After Alcee arrives to Calixta’s house looking for shelter they are driven into a passionate moment. In the story â€Å"The Storm† the storm has a significant meaning; without it the affair of Calixta andRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin869 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Storm.† Calixta went outside of her marriage for a sexual affair with Alcà ©e when he unexpectedly showed up and a storm came through. The three most prominent literary elements that were addressed in â€Å"The Storm† were foreshadowing, symbolism, and setting. First, there is foreshadowing in the story. Bae and Young agree that foreshadowing is when a story implies that something will happen in the future without saying it (1). In â€Å"The Storm,† an example of this is on theRead MoreEssay on A Storm of Emotion in Kate Chopins The Storm817 Words   |  4 PagesThe Storm of Emotion Usually a storm creeps upon us, hits a luminous climax, and then fades away into nothingness.   In The Storm, Kate Chopin develops a parallel between a rainstorm and an emotional storm in a woman’s life.   Chopin uses symbolism to depict the feelings of relationships that are as unpredictable as that of a raging storm.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the time frame that this story is set, many major life decisions things are made taking into account one’s duty to family - including theRead More The Storm Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe Storm The purpose of this paper is to analyze The Storm by Kate Chopin. In this paper we will look at the setting, atmosphere, plot, character, foreshadowing, symbolism and theme of this story. Setting and Atmosphere This story is set on a sultry afternoon in south Louisiana near Biloxi. The body of the story takes place in Calixtas home during a fierce summer storm. The atmosphere is charged with electricity and sexual tension caused by the storm and the unexpected arrival of Alcà ©eRead MoreIrony And Symbolism In The Interlopers By Saki760 Words   |  4 PagesUlrich and Georg were neighbors that fought so hard that they determined that the death of the other would be better than talking it out. â€Å"The Interlopers† by Saki tells the story through Irony and symbolism to express the idea that petty feuds will get you nowhere because we all die eventually. Symbolism was shown throughout the whole story using the wolves, flask and the friendship they gained. â€Å"I would never fire a shot on your land,... I will be your friend. They put aside their ugly and meanRead More`` Blown Away `` By Josh Kear And Chris Tompkins Use Symbolism And Imagery1046 Words   |  5 Pagesgood. He failed the young girl by tearing her down and making her life miserable. In â€Å"Blown Away†, the authors Josh Kear and Chris Tompkins use symbolism and imagery to show the difficulties the girl face as a child and how she finds hope for a better future. One device the authors use to portray hope is symbolism. The first way the song exhibits symbolism is through the tornado and the destruction is causes. Carrie Underwood sings, â€Å"The weather man called for a twister / she pray it blow down† (linesRead More Analysis of The Sick Rose Written by William Blake Essay661 Words   |  3 Pagesthou art sick! The invisible worm That flies in the night, In the howling storm, Has found out thy bed Of crimson joy, And his dark secret love Does thy life destroy. In this essay, I chose to write a bout â€Å"The Sick Rose†, which is a short poem written by William Blake, focusing on the metaphorical language and the symbolism used in it. Though this poem is difficult, I like its deeper meaning and the symbolism. I think that Blake succeeds in giving us a very brilliant work in a few linesRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was consideredRead MoreThe Storm by Kate Chopin1332 Words   |  6 Pagesnoticed about Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm,† is that it is utterly dripping with sexual imagery and symbolism. Our heroine, if you will, seems to be a woman with normally restrained passions and a well-defined sense of propriety, who finds herself in a situation that tears down her restraint and reveals the vixen within. I wonder if it was intentional that the name Calixta makes me think of Calypso – the nymph from Greek mythology. If half of the sexual symbolism I found in this story was intentionalRead More Images, Imagery, Symbols, and Symbolism in Macbeth Essay610 Words   |  3 PagesImagery and Symbolism in Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses extensive imagery and symbolism throughout the course of his play.   Shakespeare uses this imagery and symbolism so that the reader may gain a deeper understanding and feeling for the happenings of this tragedy.   This is further demonstrated by Shakespeares use of darkness in Macbeth.   As one of the more noticeable and important symbols, darkness represents many different elements in the play.   First and foremost

Essay on Blabla - 605 Words

Away In Airdrie Summary †Away in Airdrie† Is a short story by James Kelman. It ´s situated in Scotland and deals with football. In the story we meet three characters. Danny, Uncle Archie, and Betty, Danny’s mother. In this short story, Danny is the narrator and we are reading the story from his point of view. Danny is going to Airdrie along with his uncle Archie to watch Glasgow Rangers play at Broomfield Park. Danny is ashamed of uncle Archie, who is an alcoholic football fan. Even though he is irresponsible he is also really generous to Danny. The point of no return is where Danny accepts to go to the cafà © by himself, meanwhile Uncle Archie decides to go drink some beers with his fellows at a pub. Archie forgets about Danny and†¦show more content†¦3. Describe the conflict of the story. How is the conflict solves? - The conflict in the story starts the moment Uncle Archie decides to give nephew Danny tips to buy cup of chocolate at a cafà ©, in the mean time Archie goes to a pub to get some beers. Archie drinks, beer after beer and forgets all about time and Danny. Danny waits outside the pub and hopes that Archie will come out, but it never happens, that’s when Danny finally decides to head home. Danny successfully get ´s on the right train, sadly it crashed. That ´s the conflict and the way it got solved. Obviously this conflict isn’t solved in the way it should be, uncle Archie should definitely have had more self-control. What Danny did was really mature, but maybe he should have had tried calling his mom. 4. Is there a message in the story? - The message in the story is to always think of family above everything else, nothing should come between a family and definitely not alcoholics. When an adult get ´s a responsibility (A kid in this case) they should be more likely to understand that there would be nothing more important than the responsibility. Uncle Archie forgets all about that when he goes to the pub to get somethingShow MoreRelatedSocial and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on1300 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience and not through passive learning. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory was his main focus and it helped him make sense of a person’s cognitive development through the way they interaced with others and emphasised on one’s social interaction (blabla). Vygotsky focused on how learning consisted of gathering knowledge and skills from the social community and the different attractions a person observes (v2); a process known as internationalization. His theory was based on two key concepts, firstRead MoreReducing Consumption Of Sugary Drinks Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumer. As reported by WHO, a combination of an ad valorem and specific tax should be imposed on sugary drinks. Why do they want to share with the consumers-cost of production. Therefore, revenue drops. Since sugary drinks are demand inelastic. blabla Ad valorem: a tax levied as a percentage of the price of a good. Specific tax: a fixed rate tax levied on goods and services expressed as a sum per unit. BACKGROUND Consumption of sugary drinks lead to detrimental health effects such as type 2 diabetesRead MoreAnalysis Of Kiehl s Guildford Doesn t Use Sales1316 Words   |  6 Pagesconveys a scientific therefore specialist aura which builds customer trust. This stimulus can have a positive effect on the company’s long-term profitability (Ribbink, 2004) furthermore, trust increasing customers loyalty and brand recommendation is blabla Kiehl’s reliance on its word-of-mouth marketing strategy. Studies by Mitchell et al. (1995) and Hirsch (1995) found that different types of smell significantly influenced customer behaviour and attitudes within a retail environment. Music is alsoRead MoreThe Responsibility Of A Data Breach1092 Words   |  5 Pageshad a hey-day for over one and a half years, planting themselves in the stores servers and stealing information at will. The Hackers used USB ports found on the kiosks and devices to install a specially created malicious software (sniffer) called â€Å"blabla† to tap into the network data. Impact The total loss in the TJX hack attack dwarfed anything that was seen before or after that attack. In 2009, TJX reported a loss of $200 million. Actual loss is estimated to be over a billion dollars. ApproximatelyRead MoreRegulation on Cloud to Protect User Privacy1700 Words   |  7 Pagescloud storage location is chosen on the least risk location for disaster. Cloud services models Cloud services provides flexible, elastic, and dynamic platform. There is wide range of services that could be provided by cloud providers. Based on blabla, there are 3 models of cloud services that widely popular. They are Infratructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Infratructure as a Service provider the physical computer itself, or virtual machineRead MorePolicy And Economics Of Healthcare Delivery1543 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement thus driving healthcare cost higher in certain treatments. This increased costs comes in three folds, the initial buying cost of the equipment, the continuous maintenance cost and the training of healthcare personnel on how to use them (blabla). It’s crystal clear that technology will play a role in modern healthcare system, however, the question is how to integrate it in such a way that it becomes a cost saver rather than a cost driver. Environment and Healthcare delivery sustainabilityRead MoreNegative Impacts Of Social Media Essay1854 Words   |  8 Pagesinvolve them in â€Å"make-shift opinion polls† to get an idea of where society’s ideals lie. Lastly, instead of complaining about issues after issues, actually try to make action of something. He always remarks that someone needs to fix this or someone else blabla, and someone with that much power asking someone else to do it for him is sort of a let-down of his image. As for Mike Pence, he really does not get a lot of social media coverage, because he isn’t being as active as the president is. But I understandRead MoreThe Land Registration Act ( Lra 19252290 Words   |  10 Pages lenders now have more control over what may bite them. †¦. This essay will access†¦. with a focus on how the lending world have dealt with the implications of Boland†¦. The best way to access the impact of †¦ would be to go through the pre – post blabla to show how the thing has balanced. Overriding interests – pre 2002 The major problem with overriding interest is that it is not reflected on the register and often sneaks surprise attacks on the purchaser/ mortgagor lender. Lord Wilberforce distinguishedRead MoreRegulation on Cloud to Protect User Privacy2700 Words   |  11 PagesUsually cloud storage location is chosen on the least risk location for disaster. Cloud services models Cloud services provides flexible, elastic, and dynamic platform. There is wide range of services that could be provided by cloud providers. Based on blabla, there are 3 models of cloud services that widely popular. They are Infratructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides for fundamental resource for computing such as processing, serversRead MoreIndustry Analysis: Kia Motors Essay example2367 Words   |  10 PagesInstead of using words the marketing department decided to use characters to represent those attributes (Greenburg, 2010). â€Å"So the Muno (from Nick Jr.’s â€Å"Yo! Gabba Gabba† series) represents eye-catching design; the Sock Monkey is agility; Mr. X (the Blabla Mr. X Boogaloo Doll) represents fun; the teddy bear represents safety and security and the wind-up robot toy represents Sorento’s advanced technology (Greenburg, 2010).† These characters will be in all phases of adv ertising; digital, print, out-of-home

Challenger Disaster free essay sample

The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster has been well investigated and analysed as a typical management case by numerous researchers. Although the disaster is the direct result of a technical issue, the hardware failure of a solid rocket booster (SRB) O-ring caused by abnormally low temperatures, there is an unambiguous relationship between the disaster and numerous organizational factors such as communication (Gouran et al. 1986), leadership decision-making (Fisher, 1993 and Heimann, 1993) and individual behaviour in a stressful environment (Boisjoly et al. , 1989, Romzek and Dubnick, 1987). Arguably, all parties involved contributed to these issues, possibly outweighing the technology aspect. This paper will address fundamental questions relating to the organizational causes of the disaster. What organizational factors contributed to the accident? The organizational factors contributing to the disaster are centred on the following three issues. The first issue is the serious communication breakdown was between NASA and Morton Thiokol. According to historical records, Boisjoly (2006), the former Morton Thiokol engineer, had â€Å"ordered the Marshall Space Flight Centre (MSFC) to present a preliminary report prior to formal FRR meetings† after noticing the design flaw of these primary seals on the two field joints as early as 1985. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenger Disaster or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Boisjoly subsequently brought the problem to the board’s attention. Nevertheless, until 1986 the issue had not yet been resolved although NASA had classified it as ‘an emergency’ matter. Not only Boisjoly, but also other engineers such as Thompson (1985) reported the O-ring seal problem to their managers, and highlight that it had become ‘acute’. Attempts to make the issue clear were ultimately disregarded by the management groups. The second issue is the excessively vertical rather than horizontal and collaborative decision making process of senior managers. As investigated after the accident (CST, 1986), the disaster could have been avoided if NASA and Morton-Thiokol managers had paid attention to the recommendations of the technical staff, and taken scientific decisive action to solve the increasingly serious problem. NASA managers made the final launching decision without the support of Morton Thiokol managers, not heeding the repeated warnings of engineers regarding the abnormal low temperature at the launch location (Rogers Commission, 1986). The third issue is the decision-making behaviour of people under intense pressure. According to the view of Romzek and Dubnick (1987), NASA made the hasty final launching decision under the pressure of the White House, because delaying the launch could cause potential loss of economic and political support for the space program as well as damage the overall reputation of the program. The same accountability pressures also had an impact on Morton Thiokol, which undertook transferring pressure of NASA with fear of contract loss. These pressures influenced the final decision ‘that set an overly ambitious launch schedule’. How did the forces of ‘reason’ and ‘emotion’ influence the decision to proceed with the launch? The Challenger disaster is an example of how, in an organisational setting, pressure and fear can lead to irrational behaviour on the part of the leaders and decision-makers involved. Irrationality connotes a lack of reason, which can be brought about via emotionally charged situations. The Thiokol team were put under intense pressure by NASA to carry out the launch and ultimately succumbed to fears of recrimination rather than follow their instincts and better judgment. They held the knowledge that multiple lives were at stake, thus illustrating the power of the forces of reason and emotion in organisational behaviour. George proposes that â€Å"emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage moods and emotions in the self and others, contributes to effective leadership in organisations† (2000). It can be argued that Thiokol and NASA were operating under a deficiency of emotional intelligence. This is apparent in their systematic ignoring of clear and persistent calls to redesign the O-ring. The Rogers Commission report outlines Marshall engineers Leon Ray and John Q. Miller’s attempts to elicit a redesign by issuing memos including the words â€Å"resulting in catastrophic failure† (1986). By ignoring such blatant warnings, Thiokol and NASA, the acting leaders in this endeavour, eschewed the responsibility to even merely address this emotional outcry. Thereby, they failed to understand and deal with the serious emotions of concern from Marshall and failed to manage their fears of failure by not admitting that problems exist and being committed to a solution. No reason or logical explanation for their actions can be found. This behaviour and the decision to proceed with the launch can be seen as an illustration of what Tourish and Robson call â€Å"threat-rigidity theory† (2006). This theory ties into the idea that speaking up or voicing concerns threatens â€Å"the vital interests of an entity† and the desire to always be seen in a â€Å"positive light† (Tourish and Robson, 2006). Ultimately, as the Rogers Commission report supports, since Thiokol and NASA lacked emotional intelligence in the organisational context they could not manage their emotions of fear, pride and complacency. How did the relations between NASA and Morton Thiokol affect the decision? In NASA’s Space Shuttle Program, the organizational structure was a vertical (tall) differentiation structure consisting of four levels (George and Jones, 2006). Level I was a final authority to determine launch readiness (Gouran, et. al. , 1986) and NASA engineers and managers were operating together. However, one issue of this structure was that it was highly autonomous and the entire managerial system became more complex, bureaucratic and political accountable (Vijay, 1996). Morton Thiokol was a contractor producing the Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) for the NASA team. When Thiokol’s engineering and managerial teams discovered the abnormally low temperature, which could cause a potential technical failure of O-ring, they provided a recommendation to NASA teams to postpone the time of the shuttle launch until noon or later on 28 January. However, NASA’s Level III managers strongly disagreed with Thiokol’s engineering analysis. They thought this was an ‘acceptable risk’ which was based on scientific method supported by sufficient testing and data. According to the Challenger case analysis by Vaughan (1996), the Challenger accident was due to the normalization of organizational deviance and misconduct. The normalization of organizational deviance was the outcome of the changing socially culture of NASA’s workgroup and production. Indeed, in NASA’s organizational structure, it can be seen that the decision-making power is highly centralized. Centralization is described as â€Å"the concentration of authority and responsibility for decision-making power in the hands of managers at the top of an organization’s hierarchy† (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010). It can affect an organizational culture. In the Challenger case, NASA’s workgroup culture seemed to be ‘deviant’ and ‘inappropriate’. However, as they conformed the cultural beliefs, they still kept supporting the scheduled Challenger launch even though Thiokol explained that there existed a potential risk. As a result, it created a flawed decision-making process between NASA and Morton Thiokol. Is any one part, group or organization responsible for the disaster? Greene argues that there is a serious deficiency in communication and culture throughout the NASA and Morton Thiokol organizational structure and that both parties were responsible for the ultimate outcome (2013). The engineers failed to catch the attention of managers regarding the danger of launching the spaceship. Although engineer had alerted management to problems with the O-ring, thus communication was insufficient in preventing the tragedy (DeGeorge, 1981). As often observed, when information is transferred from subordinates to middle or senior management, it is more than likely that the truth may be twisted in favour of senior management’s preferences. The management took safety for granted and rushed to launch the space shuttle days before President Reagan’s State of the Union speech. Gouran (1986) has indicated that the decision to launch occurred under tremendous pressure. The chief engineer of NASA headquarters, Milton Silviera, should have taken the responsibility of safety, reliability, and quality assurance of the space shuttle. According to the Roger Commission report, the NASA x-range safety officer was not present at the meeting where the launch decision was made. Both the engineering and managerial teams knew of the technical defect, however, no one came forward to stop the launch. The organizational culture in NASA seems to deliberately ignore unpleasant voice (Tufte, 1997). Due to the pressure to conform and the loss of leadership at every level of management, NASA went ahead with the plan. Finally, NASA was flooded with pride because they set a precedent of success previously, and did not want to compromise their reputation. Therefore there was no room to manoeuvre (Silver, 2012). How might NASA’s own culture have contributed to the disaster? As this case identifies, the primary cause of Challenger’s accident was based on the ailure of the O-rings during the launch of the spaceship. Nevertheless, the processes behind this technical aspect unleash a far more distinct area that should be seen through the concept of Organizational culture. This notion is recognized by Stephen Johnson, an ‘ASK Magazine’ contributor; â€Å"Success and failures clearly have technical causes, but a system’s reliability strongly depends on human processes used to develop it, the decisions of the funders, managers, and engineers who collectively determined the level of risk† (Johnson, 2012). ASK Magazine’ is published by NASA, and the magazine points to what many argue to be the main reason for why Challenger‘s O-rings failed during take-off back in 1986. Organizational culture does have a significant impact on any organization’s performance, but not only in terms of positive and productive outcome. Edgar Schein, author of the article ‘What You Need to Know About Organizational Culture’ recognises in his text that â€Å"many have adopted â€Å"strong† cultures as a prescription of organizational success† (Schein, 2003). For NASA in the context of the Challenger disaster, the ‘strong’ culture may be seen in a more negative light due to the autocratic leadership style exercised by NASA managers at the time, in conjunction with their supplier (Morton Thiokol). This is emphasised through the comments made by a Senior Vice President of the operations where it was communicated that â€Å"a management decision [was] necessary† (Boisjoly et al, 1989) in responding to objections about the launch from engineering personnel involved in the preparation for take-off. This focus on managerial and performance related terms rather than technical and security factors was further emphasised by comments made by another manager who asked an engineer to â€Å"take off [your] engineering hat and put on [your] management hat† (ibid) in discussing whether Challenger was ready for launch. According to Boisjoly, â€Å"the process represented a radical shift from previous NASA policy. Until that moment, the burden of proof had always been on the engineers to prove beyond a doubt that it was safe to launch. NASA, with their objections to the original Thiokol recommendation against the launch, and Mason, with his request for a â€Å"management decision†, shifted the burden of proof in the opposite direction† (ibid). Power and politics in organizations: the impact of authorities decisions-making, their responsibilities and authority NASA as a governmental organization has a vast organizational scheme that engages in a wide range of activities. LaPalombara ,et a(2001) stated that considerations of power and its exercise are ubiquitous in public/political-sector organizations. There was a political pressure on NASA to show to the public that the shuttle Challenger’s program was not at the experimental stage anymore like Apollo was but is now completely operational, and reliable enough to attract commercial businesses. However, the decisions to reduce the federal finance of the program along with the pressure that NASA was facing in terms of unrealistic flight schedule due to commitments to government, have contributed to poor decision making from the launch managers. The pre-launch conferences (Groupthink, 1989) unveiled some flaws, which led to the Challenger disaster. These flaws included an environment in which decision-making was under pressure. For Vaughan, these decisions have contributed to the development of a new organizational culture that allowed some degree of technical flaws. Many entities were present in the organization; several private firms have contracts to assist in the launch process of NASA’s STS launch missions. For Cohen and Axelrod (1984), this condition of multiple accountability, formal and informal, implies that political organizations are considerably less autonomous than private-sector organizations. Another impact of power and politics in organizations is â€Å"the teacher in space† program. With this program, President Reagan was showing his support of education, but it put NASA under pressure to promote the image that shuttle flight is safe and should be perceived as normal airline travel. LaPalombara argues that Normative considerations are endemic to public/politicalsector organizations, because they are directly or indirectly involved in what Easton (1953) once called ‘the authoritative allocation of values’. What does it mean to manage a complex system? Perrow (1972) argues that complex systems should be avoided. Yet, complex systems in organizations such as NASA and hospitals cannot be avoided (2003). As these institutions will remain in existence, the risk of errors and mistakes is heightened. Communication is a central theme in complex system management. There should be focus on communication from managers to non-managerial staff (Dennis Tourish and Paul Robson, 2006). Seeger and Ulmer (2003) stated the collapse of Enron was partially caused by a failure on the part of its senior managers to maintain adequate communication systems capable of transmitting information about organizational problems. Managing change is also crucial: Managers of such organizations do not limit at redundancy, they also proceed to organizational and cultural changes. We have seen the changing of institutional expectations in NASA’s environment. Consequently, its structure began taking on an organizational ambience that supported compliance to administrative needs. That was a response to pressures. Organization components were supposed to work closely together but that was not the case among Marshall, Kennedy and Johnson space centres. These organizations acted independently with poor communication and extensive bureaucracy. Conclusion Managing a complex system of organizations such as NASA and Thiokol requires employees in key positions to be able to identify and address problems properly, while simultaneously being involved in the decision-making process and security manners. As explored in this analysis, a range of factors from bureaucracy to emotional intelligence and group think all make up for factors that can contribute to a compromise in judgement. These issues are of tantamount importance because, as we have seen, in the case of the Challenger disaster consequences of ignoring these issues can be catastrophic.

Political Communication

Being under the influence of globalization, political culture has acquired significance within the national context. In this regard, the study of political communication is necessary for explaining and understanding its essence. In book called Communicating Politics in the Twenty-First Century, Sanders (2009) outlines theoretical concepts and themes related to political communication. The author also provides an in-depth study of current media and politics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using contemporary and historical examples and cases, Sanders presents the essential theoretical frameworks and main researches in this academic field. To be more precise, the scholar presents historical, interdisciplinary, and ethical approaches to studying political communicating, stating that these aspects can better contribute to a deeper consideration of the political processes. Discussing historic theoretical model, the author provides subsequence stages of political development to explain the role of various disciplines in political communication. This historical analysis ranges from the political positions expressed by Rousseau and Dickens to the current means of political and media culture. While introducing the means of political communications – from mass media to the Internet – the author intends to explain the way public opinion and public news coverage influences the character of political communication. Hence, through means and techniques, but not through the participants, the author provides a snapshot of political process capturing a significant historical period. While analyzing political communication from the disciplinary viewpoint, the author correlates this study with ethical and cultural issues. In particular, Sanders considers it necessary to assess the role of ethics in forming political processes, including dec ision-making and problem-solving. Apart from ethical considerations, the author also discusses the role of cognitive sciences and political research in developing arguments concerning how politics should regulated and administered in the twenty first century (Sanders, 2009, p. 175). Finally, using a multidimensional approach to examining the study, the author also provides the major components contributing to identification of the chief aspects of political communication (Kaid, 2004, p. 89). Finally, the author resorts to ethical and cultural models of studying political communication. In particular, Sanders (2009) believes that there should a clear distinction between certain concept and theme allowing to understand the essence of successful communication. The ethical issues in politics come to the forth when it is necessary to consider moral and social aspects of democracy. What is more important the author emphasize the ethical problems are especially urgent in the light the glob alization process when the public should be interested in the welfare of the globalized community (Sanders, 2009, p. 178). With the emergence of the Internet, the aspects of ethics and democracy have become the opposed issues (Denton, 2000, p. 51). Therefore, the study of political communication should take into consideration such aspects as media, Internet, globalization, and regulatory governance.Advertising Looking for essay on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, Sanders’ book comprehensively presents the basis theoretical models that have greatly contributed to the study of political communication. While examining these theoretical frameworks, the author connects them to practical side of the political process, paying more attention on the means of the development of the political communication. In particular, using historic and interdisciplinary view, the author provides a clearer image of tod ay’s situation in the world of politics. What is more important is that the research attains the importance to the consideration of ethical issues introducing new dimensions and fresh insights of political culture in the twenty first century. Reference List Denton, R. E. (2000) Political Communication Ethics. US: Greenwood Publishing Group. Kaid, L. L. (2004) Handbook of Political Communication Research. NY: Routledge. Sanders, K. (2009) Communicating politics in the twenty-first century. US: Palgrave Macmillan. This essay on Political Communication was written and submitted by user Angela S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.